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Termination of parliamentary governments: Revised definitions and implications

ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื.ื•ืช: ื“"ืจ ื™ืขืœ ืฉื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื "ืœ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืŸ-ืืจื™ืง ืจืฉ, ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืžื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื•ืกืœื•, ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื”. ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืืกื ืช ืขืงื™ืจื‘, ื”ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืจื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™, ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื’ืœื™ืœ ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ืขื›ื•, ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื‘ื• ืคื•ืจืกื ื”ืžืืžืจ: West European Politics https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1997498 ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ื”ืžืืžืจ: ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ืืช ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืืžืคื™ืจื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ืžืืžืจ ืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื.ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ื”ืžืืžืจ ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ืžื”. ื”ืžืืžืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืฉืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช (oversized governments). ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืจื•ื‘ (minimum winning coalition) ืฉืฉื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช (oversized governments). ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืงื•ืืœื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ืขืœื.
The literature on government coalitions uses a common definition of when governments terminate and others form. This terminology is convenient and has served empirical coalition studies quite well. This article challenges this terminology on the ground that it risks inflating the number of governments and, at least in some countries, severely distorts scholarly understanding of government duration and durability. Specifically, this article criticizes the definitional condition that any partisan change in the composition of a government signifies its termination. The paper demonstrates how using more precise definitions significantly affects the measurements of government duration in many countries. In some cases, countries experience short-lived governments because minor partisan changes occur within a surplus coalition. Given these observations, the article re-visits the finding that minimum winning governments survive longer than oversized governments. When applying the modified definitions, differences in duration between these two types of majority coalitions almost disappear.
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